2013年12月26日 星期四

上課筆記 week 16

bucket 
a round open container with a handleused for carrying liquid and substances suchas sand or soil
the things in a bucketor the amount a bucket contains
a bucket of soapy water

kick the bucket-means To die 

Shelby mustang 
The Shelby is a higher performance variant of the Ford Mustang which was built by Shelby American from 1965 to 1967, and Shelby Automotive from 1968 to 1970. Following the introduction of the fifth generation Ford Mustang, the Shelby nameplate was revived in 2007 for new high performance versions of the Mustang.

Stonehenge 
300px-Stonehenge2007_07_30  
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, about 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north ofSalisbury. One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is the remains of a ring of standing stones set within earthworks. It is in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds.

Archaeologists believe it was built anywhere from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. Radiocarbon dating in 2008 suggested that the first stones were raised between 2400 and 2200 BC, whilst another theory suggests that bluestones may have been raised at the site as early as 3000 BC.

Great Wall
240px-The_Great_Wall_of_China_at_Jinshanling (1)  
The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of ChinaQin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty.

falls = waterfall 

peri-around 
perimeter -
the outer edge of an enclosed area of ground such as a field or airport
peripheral -connected with something but not a necessary or important part of it
The talks made progress on peripheral issues, but failed to resolve the main disputebetween the two sides.

peripheral to
We made some discoveries about the immune system that wereperipheral to our search for a vaccine.


genetics 
the study of how the individual features and behaviour of living things are passed onthrough their genes
genes 
a pattern of chemicals within a cell that carries information about the qualities passedto a living thing from its parents
gene for 
a gene for breast cancer (=that makes you likely to get it)

in the genes (=passed through the genes) 
He believes that shyness is in thegenes.


habitat 
the type of place that a particular animal usually lives in or a particular plant usuallygrows infor example a desertforestor lake
natural habitat 
a rare bird that is in danger of losing its natural habitat


parasites -SHOWING DISAPPROVAL a lazy person who lives by getting moneyfood etc fromother people
paragraph -a section of a piece of writing that begins on a new line and contains one or moresentences

prey -an animal that is caught by another animal and eaten
Spiders usually catch their prey by building webs.

predator -BIOLOGY an animal that kills and eats other animals
The birds have to be protected from foxes and other predators.


congenital -if someone has a congenital faultthey have always had it
He's a congenital liar.



carnivorous -an animal that eats other animalsAn animal that only eats plants is called aherbivoreand an animal that eats flesh and plants is called an omnivore.
herbivorous -an animal that eats only plantsAn animal that eats only meat is called a carnivore.
omnivorous -BIOLOGY an omnivorous animal eats both plants and meat

taxonomy -the process of organizing similar thingsespecially living thingsinto groups or types
astronomy -the scientific study of the starsplanetsand other objects in the universe
astrology -the study of the movement of the stars and planets and how some people think theyinfluence people's characters and lives
astr stands for star 

spine - MEDICAL the row of bones down or along the middle of a human's oranimal's back
spinal cord -the inner part of your spine that contains nerves going from your brain to the otherparts of your body


carnival -a lively festival in which people walk through thestreets playing musicdancingand often wearing unusual colourful clothes
carnivorous -an animal that eats other animalsAn animal that only eats plants is called aherbivoreand an animal that eats flesh and plants is called an omnivore.

zenith vs nadir 
LITERARY the time when someone or something is most successful or effective (zenith)

the worst time in someone's life or in a situation
The company's fortunes reached their nadir in 1991.


lava -rock in the form of hot liquid

Lunar-relating to the moon
a lunar eclipse

lunatic -someone who behaves in an extreme or dangerous way
Some lunatic was driving on the wrong side of the road.


compact-smaller than most things of the same kind
a compact car/camera

每日單字 week16

1.mingle(v.)/ˈmɪŋgəl/ 
1 : to combine or bring together two or more things
 [+ obj] ▪ The story mingles fact and/with fiction.
[no obj] ▪ Several flavors mingle in the stew.
2 [no obj] : to move around during a party, meeting, etc., and talk informally with different people
▪ The host was too busy to mingle during the party.
— often + with ▪ The speaker stayed to mingle with the audience after the lecture.

2.merge(v.)/ˈmɚʤ/ 
1 a [+ obj] : to cause (two or more things, such as two companies) to come together and become one thing
▪ They planned to merge [=combine, unite] the two companies.
b [no obj] : to become joined or united
▪ The two banks merged to form one large institution.
— often + with ▪ Many 
small companies have been forced to merge with other small companies.
— often + into ▪ The two former rivals have merged into one 
large business.
2 [no obj] : to change into or become part of something else in a very gradual way
▪ Along the coast the mountains gradually merge with the shore.

3.mar(v.)/ˈmɑɚ/ 
[+ obj] : to ruin the beauty or perfection of (something) : to hurt or damage the good condition of (something)
▪ A large scar marred his face.
— often used as (be) marred ▪ The report is marred by numerous errors.

4.magnify(v.)/ˈmægnəˌfaɪ/ 
[+ obj] 1 a : to make (something) greater
▪ The sound was magnified by the calm air.
b : to make (something) seem greater or more important than it is
▪ His failures have been magnified by the success of his friends.
2 : to make (something) appear larger
▪ The lens magnified the image 100 times.

5.loom(v.)/ˈlu:m/ 
[no obj] 1 : to appear in a large, strange, or frightening form often in a sudden way
▪ Storm clouds loomed on the horizon. : to appear in an impressively large or great form
2 : to be close to happening : to be about to happen
— used especially of unpleasant or frightening things
 ▪ A battle is looming in Congress over the proposed budget cuts. 
1.flip(v.)/ˈflɪp/ 
1 [+ obj] : to turn (something) over by throwing it up in the air with a quick movement
▪ flip a coin
2 : to cause (something) to turn or turn over quickly
[+ obj] ▪ She was sitting in the 
waiting room, flipping the pages of a magazine.
3 [+ obj] a : to move (something) with a quick light movement : flick
▪ flip a switch
b : to turn (something) on or off with a switch
▪ flip on the radio/TV
4 [+ obj] : to throw (something) with a quick movement
▪ Flip me the ball. = Flip the ball to me.
5 [no obj] informal : to become very excited or angry
▪ You'll flip when you hear this!
6 : to change or move through (channels, stations, etc.) quickly
[+ obj] ▪ He flipped the channel back to the 
golf tournament.

2.flutter(n.)/ˈflʌtɚ/ 
1 of a bird or insect a : to move or flap the wings quickly without flying
[+ obj] ▪ The bird was fluttering its wings. [no obj] ▪ The bird's wings were fluttering.
b [no obj] : to fly lightly with quick beats of the wings
▪ We watched the butterflies fluttering in the garden.
2 : to move with quick, light movements
[no obj] ▪ Leaves fluttered to the ground.
[+ obj] ▪ The breeze fluttered the curtains.
3 [no obj] : to move or behave in a nervous and excited way
▪ She nervously fluttered around the office.

3.flicker(v.)/ˈflɪkɚ/ 
[no obj] 1 : to burn or glow in an unsteady way : to produce an unsteady light
▪ A TV was flickering in the background.
2 : to appear or pass briefly or quickly
▪ Thoughts flickered through his mind.

4.falter(v.)/ˈfɑ:ltɚ/ 
[no obj] 1 : to stop being strong or successful : to begin to fail or weaken
▪ The business was faltering due to poor management.

2 : to begin to walk or move in an unsteady way
▪ Her steps began to falter.
3 : to feel doubt about doing something
▪ He never faltered [=wavered] in his determination to go to college.
4 ◊If your voice falters, you are unable to speak normally because you are unsure about what to say or because you are feeling strong emotions.
▪ Her voice faltered when she spoke about her parents.

5.extract(v.)/ɪkˈstrækt/ 
[+ obj] 1 : to remove (something) by pulling it out or cutting it out
▪ He extracted a 
credit card from his wallet.
2 a : to get (information, a response, etc.) from someone who does not want to give it
▪ We finally extracted a confession from him. ▪ extract a promise
b : to get (something, such as information) from something
▪ Investigators were able to extract useful information from the company's financial records.

3 : to get (a substance) from something by the use of a machine or chemicals
▪ The machines extract the juice from the apples.

4 : to choose and take out (parts of a written work) for a separate use
▪ He extracted [=excerpted] a few lines from a favorite poem for use in his speech.

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1.expel (v.)/ɪkˈspɛl/ 
[+ obj] 1 : to officially force (someone) to leave a place or organization
▪ The club may expel members who do not follow the rules.

2 : to 
push or force (something) out
▪ expel air from the lungs

2.escalate(v.)/ˈɛskəˌleɪt
1 : to become worse or to make (something) worse or more severe
[no obj] ▪ The conflict has escalated into an all-out war.
[+ obj] ▪ We are trying not to escalate the violence.
2 : to become greater or higher or to make (something) greater or higher
[no obj] ▪ Salaries of leading executives have continued to escalate.

3.erode(v.)/ɪˈroʊd/ 
: to gradually destroy (something) or to be gradually destroyed by natural forces (such as water, wind, or ice)
[+ obj] ▪ Crashing waves have eroded the cliffs along the beach.
— often used as (be) eroded ▪ The shoreline was badly eroded by last winter's storms.
— often used figuratively ▪ Years of mismanagement have eroded the quality of their products.
[no obj] ▪ The shoreline has eroded badly.
— often used figuratively ▪ Support for the new law has been eroding steadily.

4.erect(v.)/ɪˈrɛkt/ 
1 [more erect; most erect] : straight up and down
▪ She sat erect, listening for her name.
2 : in a state of erection because of sexual excitement : swollen and stiff
▪ an erect penis ▪ erect nipples

5.entitle(v.)/ɪnˈtaɪtl̟/ 
[+ obj] 1 : to give a title to (something, such as a book) : title
▪ He entitled 
his book “My Life on Mars.”
2 : to give a right to (someone)
— + to ▪ The card entitles us to a discount. [=we can get a discount because we have this card]
— often used as (be) entitled ▪ I'm entitled to a refund. [=I should be given a refund]
▪ You're entitled to your opinion. [=I don't agree with you, but you are free to think what you want]
1.dissolve (v.) /dɪˈzɑ:lv/ 
1 of something solid : to mix with a liquid and become part of the liquid [no obj] ▪ Sugar/salt dissolves in water.
 [+ obj] ▪ Dissolve the tablet in water.
2 [+ obj] formal : to officially end (something, such as a marriage, organization, or agreement)
▪ She dissolved [=terminated] their partnership.
— often used as (be) dissolved ▪ The marriage/business/government was dissolved.
3 somewhat formal : to end or disappear or cause (something) to end or disappear
[no obj] ▪ His smile dissolved [=disappeared] when I told him the news.
[+ obj] ▪ His kind words dissolved her sadness. ▪ The treatment is used to dissolve 
kidney stones.

2.diminish(v.)/dəˈmɪnɪʃ/  
1 : to become or to cause (something) to become less in size, importance, etc.
 [+ obj] ▪ The passing years did nothing to diminish [=decrease, lessen] their friendship.
[no obj] ▪ My interest in the subject has steadily diminished. [=dwindled]
2 [+ obj] : to lessen the authority or reputation of (someone or something)
▪ Nothing could diminish the importance of his contributions. : to describe (something) as having little value or importance

3.discard(v.)/dɪˈskɑɚd/ 
[+ obj] 1 : to throw (something) away because it is useless or unwanted
▪ Remove and discard the stems.
— often used figuratively ▪ Many of his original theories have been discarded [=rejected] in recent years.
2 : to remove (a playing card) from your hand in a card game
▪ She discarded the six of hearts.

4.deteriorate(v.)/dɪˈtirijəˌreɪt/ 
1 [no obj] : to become worse as time passes
▪ The weather gradually deteriorated [=worsened] as the day went on. fight]
2 [+ obj] : to make (something) worse
▪ Exposure to rain and sun will gradually deteriorate the paint.

5.deter(v.)/dɪˈtɚ/
[+ obj] 1 : to cause (someone) to decide not to do something
▪ Some potential buyers will be deterred by the price.
 — often + from ▪ They hoped that the new law would deter advertisers from making false claims.

2 : to prevent (something) from happening
▪ He played an important role in 
international efforts
 to deter [=prevent] nuclear war.

2013年12月19日 星期四

每日單字 week 15

sake (n.) [sek]
1. For the purpose of; in the interest of; in order to achieve or preserve
2. Used in phrases to comment on the speaker's purpose in choosing a particular way of wording a text or presenting an argument
3. Used to indicate something that is done as an end in itself rather than to achieve some other purpose
John did it for his own sake.約翰為了自身的利益而做這事情。
march (v.) [mɑrtʃ]
1. An act or instance of marching
2. A procession as a protest or demonstration
\She's been on a few marches lately.她最近參加過幾次遊行示威。
vault (v.)[vɔlt]
1. Leap or spring while supporting or propelling oneself with one or both hands or with the help of a pole
2. Jump over (an obstacle) in such a way
The hotel has a wine vault.這家旅館有個酒窖。
enthrone (v.)[ɪnˋθron]
1. Install (a monarch) on a throne, esp. during a ceremony to mark the beginning of their rule
2. Give or ascribe a position of authority to
他是個為臣民所衷心愛戴的君主。
astride (adv.)[əˋstraɪd]
1 . With a leg on each side of
2. Extending across
3. With legs apart
sit astride somebody's knee跨坐在某人的膝蓋上
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hymn (n.)[ˋhɪm]
1. A religious song or poem, typically of praise to God or a god
2. A formal song sung during Christian worship, typically by the whole congregation
3. A song, text, or other composition praising or celebrating someone or something
armored (adj.)[ˋɑrmɚd]
1. (of a military vehicle or ship) Covered with a tough metal layer as a defense against attack
2. (of troops) Equipped with such vehicles
3. (of some animals and plants) Having a protective layer or shell
an armored car裝甲車
gulf (n.)[gʌlf]
1. A deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land, with a narrow mouth
2. A deep ravine, chasm, or abyss
3. A large difference or division between two people or groups, or between viewpoints, concepts, or situations
他們過去一直是朋友但如今兩人之間已產生了極大的分歧。
cord (n.)[kɔrd
1. strong thick string or thin rope; a piece of this
2. trousers/pants made of corduroy
She bound the parcel with a cord.她用細繩捆綁包裹。
torch (v.)[tɔrtʃ]
Set fire to
The torch was lighted.火炬點亮了。
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flare (v.)[flɛr]
1. Burn with a sudden intensity
2. (of a light or a person's eyes) Glow with a sudden intensity
3 . (of an emotion) Suddenly become manifest in a person or their expression
The fire flared out brightly.火光閃亮。
clue (n.)[klu] DJ
Inform someone about a particular matter
proclamation (n.) [͵prɑkləˋmeʃən]
1. A public or official announcement, esp. one dealing with a matter of great importance
2. The public or official announcement of such a matter
3. A clear declaration of something
denounce (v.) [dɪˋnaʊns]
1. Publicly declare to be wrong or evil
2. Inform against
這位部長的行為在報紙上受到譴責。
corruption (n.)[kəˋrʌpʃən]
1. Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery
2. The action of making someone or something morally depraved or the state of being so
3. Decay; putrefaction
The city is riddled with corruption.該城腐敗成風。
cleanse (v.)[klɛnz]
1. Make (something, esp. the skin) thoroughly clean
2. Rid (a person, place, or thing) of something seen as unpleasant, unwanted, or defiling
3. Free (someone) from sin or guilt
護士縫合傷口之前先把它清洗乾淨。
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dispatch(v.)[dɪˋspætʃ]
1. to send off or away with speed, as a messenger, telegram, body of troops, etc.
2. to dismiss (a person), as after an audience
3. to put to death; kill
4. to transact or dispose of (a matter) promptly or speedily
(n.)1. the sending off of a messenger, letter, etc., to a destination
2. the act of putting to death; killing; execution
3. prompt or speedy transaction, as of business
4. expeditious performance; promptness or speed
He dispatched the report to his newspaper.他將報導發送給他的報紙。
torment(v.)[ˋtɔr͵mɛnt]
1. to afflict with great bodily or mental suffering; pain
2. to worry or annoy excessively
3. to throw into commotion; stir up; disturb
(n.)1. a state of great bodily or mental suffering; agony; misery
2. something that causes great bodily or mental pain or suffering.
He suffered torments from a bad burn.他因嚴重燒傷而受痛苦。
colossal(adj.)[kəˋlɑs!]
1. extraordinarily great in size, extent, or degree; gigantic; huge.
2. of or resembling a colossus
3. ( initial capital letter ) Architecture . noting or pertaining to a classical order whose columns or pilasters span two or more stories of a building.
This is indeed a colossal success.這確實是個巨大的成功。
pillar(n.)[ˋpɪlɚ]
1. an upright shaft or structure, of stone, brick, or other material, relatively slender in proportion to its height, and of any shape in section, used as a building support, or standing alone, as for a monument
2. a natural formation resembling such a construction
3. any upright, supporting part; post
4. person who is a chief supporter of a society, state, institution, etc
(v.) to provide or support with pillars
Marble pillars supported the roof.大理石柱子支撐著屋頂。
spellbind(v.)[ˋspɛl͵baɪnd]
to hold or bind by or as if by a spell; enchant; entrance; fascinate
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moan(n.) [mon]
1. a prolonged, low, inarticulate sound uttered from or as if from physical or mental suffering.
2. any similar sound
3. complaint or lamentation
(v.)1. to utter moans, as of pain or grief
2. of the wind, sea, trees, etc.) to make any sound suggestive of such moans
3. to lament or bemoan: to moan one's fate
decency(n.) [ˋdisnsɪ]
1. the state or quality of being decent
2. conformity to the recognized standard of propriety, good taste, modesty, etc.
3.decencies
a. the recognized standards of decent or proper behavior; proprieties
b. the requirements or amenities for decent or comfortable living
He didn't even have the decency to call.他不懂情理連個電話都不打。
mull(v.)[mʌl]
1. to study or ruminate; ponder
2. to think about carefully; consider
3. to make a mess or failure of.
sheath(n.)[ʃiθ]
1. a case or covering for the blade of a sword, dagger, or the like.
2 a condom.
3. Biology . a closely enveloping part or structure, as in an animal or plant.
4. Botany . the leaf base when it forms a vertical coating surrounding the stem.
5. Electricity . the metal covering of a cable
He wiped the knife and put it back in the sheath.他擦乾淨刀子放入鞘內。
awestruck(adj.) [ˋɔstrʌk
filled with awe
atrocity(n.)[əˋtrɑsətɪ]
1. the quality or state of being atrocious
2. an atrocious act, thing, or circumstance.
The aggressors committed appalling atrocities.侵略者犯下了駭人聽聞的暴行。
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