2014年5月31日 星期六

文學導讀˙ week 15

The Philosophy of Composition
 is an 1846 essay written by American writer Edgar Allan Poe that elucidates a theory about how good writers write when they write well. 

Semiotics 
 is the study of meaning-making. 
Semiotics is often divided into three branches:

 1. Semantics: relation between signs and the things to which they refer; their denotata, or meaning

 2. Syntactics: relations among signs in formal structures

 3. Pragmatics: relation between signs and sign-using agents

Elegy 輓歌
In literature, an elegy is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.

ab·surd

  [ab-surd, -zurd] 
adjective
utterly or obviously senseless, illogical, or untrue; contrary to all reason or common sense;laughably foolish or false: an absurd explanation.

te·di·ous

  [tee-dee-uhs, tee-juhs] 
adjective

marked by tedium; long and tiresome: tedious tasks; a tedious journey.

wordy so as to cause weariness or boredom, as a speaker or writer; prolix.

Hyperbole  (誇飾)
is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally.

Hyper - 多

para- phrase 





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文學導讀 week 14

ob·liv·i·on

  [uh-bliv-ee-uhn]
noun
the state of being completely forgotten or unknown: a former movie star now in oblivion.
the state of forgetting or of being oblivious: the oblivion of sleep.
official disregard or overlooking of offenses; pardon; amnesty.


ob·scure

  [uhb-skyoor] 
adjective, ob·scur·er, ob·scur·est.

(of meaning) not clear or plain; ambiguous, vague, or uncertain: an obscure sentence in the contract.

not clear to the understanding; hard to perceive: obscure motivations
(of language, style, a speaker, etc.) not expressing the meaning clearly or plainly.

indistinct to the sight or any other sense; not readily seen, heard, etc.; faint.

inconspicuous or unnoticeable: the obscure beginnings of a great movement.

Free Verse
is an open form (see Poetry analysis) of poetry. It does not use consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. It thus tends to follow the rhythm of natural speech.

Carpe diem → seize the day 
dead poet society 春風化雨
Mona Lisa smile
Freedom writers diary

 Mr. Hollad's Opus 

To sir with Love
1st 黑人
Madam

Mr. 男老師                                   Prof. 
                    >   未婚                     Dr.
Ms. 女老師                                   Full professor
                                                      Associate professor
Mrs. 結婚                                      Assistant professor
                                                      lecturer

回答 Yes, ma'am.

Robert Herrick 
was a 17th-century English lyric poet and cleric. He is best known for his book of poems, Hesperides. This includes the carpe diem poem To the Virgins, To Make Much of Time, with the first line Gather ye rosebuds while ye may.
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文學導讀 week 12

William Faulkner speech
詩人責任 → 打敗人會死這件事

I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul.

To Helen
is the first of two poems to carry that name written by Edgar Allan Poe.
重系希臘羅馬的榮光

Elegy 輓歌
In literature, an elegy is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.
 
lament- feel sorry for

When I was one-and-twenty   →    Do not go gentle into that good night  
                    ↓                                                      ↓
     free verse 分行分段                         一組一組人講

→ Shake spear  bitter sweet  (oxymoron 修飾語法) 
                                  ↓
                             contradictory 

Oedipus ( Sphinx's riddle )

Robert Frost → Free verse 
                             ↓
                   Stopping by woods on a snowy evening

黑澤明 - 夢  (雪女精靈)

The blind side ( quotes)

The end of the world Skeeter Davis
                          ↓

O Captain! My Captain! 
is an extended metaphor poem written in 1865 by Walt Whitman, about the death of American president Abraham Lincoln. 
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2014年5月21日 星期三

文學導讀 week 13

Chivalric romance
As a literary genre of high culture, romance or chivalric romance is a style of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe.  They often of a knight errant portrayed as having heroic qualities.

e.g.
Don Quixote →  anti-romance
Don → Mr.
Sancho Pan is a fictional character in the novel Don Quixote.

感性主人 Frodo → The lord of the rings
理性僕人

              ↓
      最早→ Don Quixote

The lord of the rings → high fantasy 自成一個王國
Low fantasy is a sub-genre of fantasy fiction involving "nonrational happenings that are without causality or rationality. It’s contrasted with high fantasy.

Frank Sinatra - The Impossible dream

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjI7VeIA7ZI


Excalibur
Excalibur is the legendary sword of King Arthur.

 Mort- death

1.      mortal
Definitions of mortal
a.       - Subject to death; destined to die; as, man is mortal.
2.      mortify
Definitions of mortify
v. t. - To destroy the organic texture and vital functions of; to produce gangrene in.


Courtly love was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry.

Ballad → 重複性 故事性
e.g.
La Belle Dame sans Merci (French: "The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a ballad written by the English poet John Keats.

O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,
Alone and palely loitering?
The sedge has withered from the lake,
And no birds sing.

O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,
So haggard and so woe-begone?
The squirrel’s granary is full,
And the harvest’s done.

"Sir Patrick Spens" is one of the most popular of the Child Ballads
Synecdoche部分代表全部
One stand for all

The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel written by American author Ernest Hemingway.
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction.

No man is an island by John Donne


“ She blossom for him “ → The Great Gastby
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2014年5月7日 星期三

文學導讀 week 11

dic- to say, to tell

dic·ta·tor

  [dik-tey-ter, dik-tey-ter]  
noun
1.
a person exercising absolute power, especially a ruler who has absolute, unrestricted control in agovernment without hereditary succession.
2.
(in ancient Rome) a person invested with supreme authority during a crisis, the regular magistracybeing subordinated to him until the crisis was met.
3.
a person who authoritatively prescribes conduct, usage, etc.: a dictator of fashion.
4.
a person who dictates, as to a secretary.

di·dac·tic

  [dahy-dak-tik] 
adjective
1.
intended for instruction; instructive: didactic poetry.
2.
inclined to teach or lecture others too much: a boring, didactic speaker.
3.
teaching or intending to teach a moral lesson.
4.
didactics, ( used with a singular verb ) the art or science of teaching.

 Oxymoron: a figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements, as in wise fool.

 The wise fool, or the wisdom of the fool is a theme that seems to contradict itself in which the fool may have an attribute of wisdom.  

 For example,

 1. "parting is such sweet sorrow''  → Romeo and Juliet.

 2. Love and lost, dream and adventures, life and death
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 Percy Bysshe Shelley by Alfred Clint crop.jpg
Percy Bysshe Shelley

 Percy Bysshe Shelley (/ˈpɜrsi ˈbɪʃ ˈʃɛli/;[2] 4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is regarded by critics as amongst the finest lyric poets in the English language.
Ode to the West Wind
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 Miniature of Keats in his twenties, a pale sensitive young man with large blue eyes looking up from a book on the table in front of him, with his chin on his left hand with his elbow. He has tousled golden-brown hair parted in the middle, and wears a grey jacket and waistcoat over a shirt with a soft collar and white cravate tied in a loose bow.
John Keats

 "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is a poem written by the English Romantic poet John Keats

 The final lines of the poem declare that "'beauty is truth, truth beauty,' 
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 I think, therefore, I am.  by Cogito ergo sum
"To be or not to be..." is the opening phrase of a soliloquy in the "Nunnery Scene"[1] of William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.
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Archibald MacLeish
Archibaldmacleish.jpeg
Archibald MacLeish (May 7, 1892 – April 20, 1982) was an American poet, writer, and the Librarian of Congress. He is associated with the Modernist school of poetry. He received three Pulitzer Prizes for his work.
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Rhyme scheme


A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme between lines of a poem or song. It is usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme; lines designated with the same letter all rhyme with each other. Therefore, it is the pattern of end rhymes or lines.
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